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TLS 1.3 PQC

Post-quantum TLS 1.3 integration guide for noxtls. This page documents named groups, signature schemes, and setup APIs used when ML-KEM / ML-DSA are enabled.

Enablement​

Required build flags:

  • -DNOXTLS_CFG_FEATURE_ML_KEM=ON
  • -DNOXTLS_CFG_FEATURE_ML_DSA=ON

Related dependencies:

  • NOXTLS_FEATURE_PKC must be enabled.
  • Hybrid groups (X25519+ML-KEM) require NOXTLS_FEATURE_X25519.

Named groups (key exchange)​

Defined in noxtls_tls_common.h:

  • TLS_NAMED_GROUP_MLKEM512 (0xFE30)
  • TLS_NAMED_GROUP_MLKEM768 (0xFE31)
  • TLS_NAMED_GROUP_MLKEM1024 (0xFE32)
  • TLS_NAMED_GROUP_X25519_MLKEM512 (0xFE40)
  • TLS_NAMED_GROUP_X25519_MLKEM768 (0xFE41)
  • TLS_NAMED_GROUP_X25519_MLKEM1024 (0xFE42)

Pure ML-KEM groups provide PQ KEM-only key exchange; hybrid groups combine X25519 and ML-KEM key material.

Signature schemes​

Defined in noxtls_tls_common.h:

  • TLS_SIGSCHEME_MLDSA44 (0xFEA0)
  • TLS_SIGSCHEME_MLDSA65 (0xFEA1)
  • TLS_SIGSCHEME_MLDSA87 (0xFEA2)
  • TLS_SIGSCHEME_RSA_PSS_SHA256_MLDSA44 (0xFEB0)
  • TLS_SIGSCHEME_RSA_PSS_SHA256_MLDSA65 (0xFEB1)
  • TLS_SIGSCHEME_RSA_PSS_SHA384_MLDSA87 (0xFEB2)

These IDs are currently private-use values for prototyping/interoperability while standards-track assignments finalize.

API setup​

The TLS 1.3 context (tls13_context_t) carries ML-KEM and ML-DSA state when features are enabled.

Server: configure ML-DSA private key​

noxtls_return_t noxtls_tls13_set_server_private_mldsa(tls13_context_t *ctx,
                                                noxtls_mldsa_param_t param,
                                                const uint8_t *private_key);

Use before noxtls_tls13_accept() when server CertificateVerify should use ML-DSA.

Client (mTLS): configure ML-DSA client cert/private key​

noxtls_return_t tls13_set_client_cert_mldsa(tls13_context_t *ctx,
                                            const uint8_t *cert_der,
                                            uint32_t cert_len,
                                            noxtls_mldsa_param_t param,
                                            const uint8_t *private_key);

Use before noxtls_tls13_connect() for mutual TLS with ML-DSA client authentication.

Behavior overview​

  1. Client advertises supported groups and signature schemes.
  2. Negotiation selects classical, pure PQ, or hybrid group.
  3. For hybrid groups, both components contribute to shared-secret derivation.
  4. CertificateVerify uses selected scheme (including ML-DSA variants when configured).

Interop and testing​

  • Enable PQC flags in build configuration.
  • Run unit and conformance tests from PQ-enabled test builds (ctest --output-on-failure).
  • Use strict-vector mode as needed: -DNOXTLS_CFG_PQC_STRICT_OFFICIAL_VECTORS=ON.

See also: